PROCESS SYSTEMS RISK MANAGEMENT

Cameron, Ian T. and Raman, ,Raghu. (2005) PROCESS SYSTEMS RISK MANAGEMENT. Elsevier Inc.

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Abstract

1 Managing Risks from Process Systems 1.1 Why Risk Management? 2 1.2 Hazard and Risk 4 1.3 The Nature and Role of Risk Management 9 1.4 Hazard and Risk in Process Systems 22 1.5 The Regulatory Environment of Risk Management 30 1.6 Review 33 1.7 References 33 1.8 Notation 35 2 Risk - Estimation, Presentation and Perception 2.1 Measures of Risk 37 2.2 Societal Risk 41 2.3 Individual Risk 42 2.4 Risk Estimations 43 2.5 Risk Representation 51 2.6 Risk Targets, Tolerability and Acceptability 56 2.7 Risk Perception 58 2.8 Review 63 2.9 References 63 2.10 Notation 65 IX CONTENTS 3 System Models for Risk Management 3.1 Life Cycle Risk Management 68 3.2 One and Two Dimensional Models of Risk 71 3.3 Layered Protection Models 83 3.4 Risk Ranking Models 87 3.5 Integrated Systems Models 91 3.6 Hierarchy of Managing Process Risk 95 3.7 Review 96 3.8 References 97 3.9 Notation 98 4 Identifying Hazards and Operational Problems 4.1 Introduction 102 4.2 An Overview of Hazard Identification 102 4.3 Comparative Hazard Identification Methods 108 4.4 Fundamental Hazard Identification Methods 122 4.5 Quality and Completeness of Studies 154 4.6 Review 163 4.7 References 163 4.8 Notation 168 5 Analysing the Consequences of Incidents 5.1 Events, Incidents and Scenarios 171 5.2 Effect and Vulnerability Models 176 5.3 Limitations and Uncertainties in Consequence Analysis 185 5.4 Assessment of Event Propagation 188 5.5 Review 191 5.6 References 192 5.7 Notation 192 6 Effect Models for Consequence Analysis 6.1 Release of Hazardous Substances 195 6.2 Gas Releases 198 6.3 Liquid Releases 201 6.4 Flashing Liquid Releases 203 6.5 Evaporation of Liquid Pools 208 6.6 Effects Modelling of Fire 212 6.7 Effects Modelling of Explosions 227 6.8 Effects Modelling of Dispersion 241 6.9 Review 254 6.10 References 254 6.11 Notation 258 X XI 7 Vulnerability Models 7.1 The Role of Vulnerability Models 261 7.2 Dose-Response Models for Fires 263 7.3 Estimation of Explosion Impacts on People 267 7.4 Dose-Response Models for Toxic Substances 270 7.5 Structural Response to Fires 276 7.6 Structural Response to Explosions 279 7.7 Review 281 7.8 References 281 7.9 Notation 284 8 Estimating the Likelihood of Incidents 8.1 The Role of Frequency Analysis 288 8.2 Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches 290 8.3 Representing Complex Failure Systems 292 8.4 Cause-Consequence Modelling Tools 300 8.5 Fault Tree Analysis 301 8.6 Event Tree Analysis 320 8.7 Failure Data 322 8.8 Uncertainty in Frequency Estimation 335 8.9 Review 336 8.10 References 337 8.11 Notation 340 9 Risk Estimation 9.1 Developing Risk Estimates 344 9.2 Qualitative Techniques for Risk Estimation 347 9.3 Semi-Quantitative Techniques for Risk Estimation 356 9.4 Quantitative Techniques for Risk Estimation 358 9.5 Human Factors in Risk Analysis 379 9.6 Risk Asessment 382 9.7 Review 385 9.8 References 386 9.9 Notation 389 10 Decision Making under Uncertainty 10.1 Nature of Uncertainty 392 10.2 Limitations to Risk Analysis 393 10.3 Uncertainties in Risk Estimation 397 10.4 The De Minimis Concept 399 10.5 Concept of ALARP 400 10.6 Dealing with Uncertainty 406 10.7 Pitfalls in Risk Based Decision Making 413 10.8 References 414 10.9 Notation 416 XJj CONTENTS 11 Process Safety Management Systems 11.1 Planning for Safe Operations 419 11.2 Safety Management System - Structure and Components 421 11.3 Development of SMS 431 11.4 Implementation of SMS 456 11.5 Emergency Planning and Response 458 11.6 Role of Software Systems in Risk Management 460 11.7 SMS for Small Facilities 461 11.8 Review 462 11.9 References 462 11.10 Notation 466 12 Life Cycle Risk Management Tools 12.1 Process System Life Cycle Components 470 12.2 Risk Management Steps in the Life Cycle 471 12.3 Inherently Safer Design 474 12.4 Process Safety Implementation at Design Stage 482 12.5 Process Hazard Analysis during Design 487 12.6 Construction and Installation 494 12.7 Commissioning 496 12.8 Operation and Maintenance 498 12.9 Decommissioning and Site Remediation 503 12.10 Human Factors 505 12.11 Review 508 12.12 References 509 12.13 Notation 513 13 Management of Major Hazard Facilities 13.1 Major Hazards and their Management - Perspectives 516 13.2 The Regulatory Framework and Requirements 517 13.3 The Safety Case/Report Approach 518 13.4 Components of a Safety Report 521 13.5 Performance Monitoring 537 13.6 The Role of Inherent Safety in Managing Risks 542 13.7 Behavioural Aspects of Major Hazards Management 543 13.8 Review 546 13.9 References 546 13.10 Notation 549 XIII 14 Auditing Process Safety Management Systems 14.1 An Overview of Systems Auditing 552 14.2 The Process Safety Management Audit 556 14.3 Development of Audit Protocol 566 14.4 Requirements of a Successful Audit 568 14.5 Follow-Up and Close Out of Audit Actions 571 14.6 Review 571 14.7 References 572 14.8 Notation 573 15 Land Use Planning Risk Management 15.1 The Nature of Operations 576 15.2 The Stakeholders and the Issues 582 15.3 Planning and Management Issues 588 15.4 Risk Management Factors 591 15.5 Review 603 15.6 References 604 15.7 Notation 606

Item Type: Book
Subjects: H Social Sciences > HD Industries. Land use. Labor > HD28 Management. Industrial Management
Depositing User: Unnamed user with email [email protected]
Date Deposited: 17 May 2023 02:55
Last Modified: 17 May 2023 02:55
URI: http://eprint.ulbi.ac.id/id/eprint/1866

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